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Elphidium
Classification
Phylum:
Protista
Subphylum:
Sarcodina
Class:
Reticularea
Subclass:
Granuloreticulosia
Order:
Foraminiferida
Suborder:
Rotalina
Superfamily:
Rotaliacea
Family:
Elphidiidae
Subfamily:
Elphidiinae
Formal Genus Name and Reference:
Elphidium de MONTFORT, 1808, *1305, p. 14
Type Species:
Nautilus macellus Fichtel & Moll var. β Fichtel & MOLL, 1798, *716, p. 66, OD
Images
(Click to enlarge in a new window)
Fig. 505,1,2. *E. macellum (FICHTEL & MOLL), Rec., Eu.(Italy); 1a,b, side, apert. views, X68 ('2117); 2a, horiz. sec. in canada balsam, showing canal system; 2b, transv. sec. showing canal system and septal foramina, X70 ('928a). -- Fig. 505,3. E. semiinvolutum MYATLYUK, U.Eoc.. Carpathians; 3a-c, opposite sides and edge view showing faintly asymmetrical form, XIOO ("2019). -- Fig. 505, 4; 506,4. E. crispum (LINNE), Mio., Asia(Israel); 505,4, vert. sec., X87 (*1534); 506,4a, diagram.
sec. through surface depression or fossette; 506,4b, sec. through ridge between surface depressions showing aperture (a), apertural face (at), sur face depression (d), diverging canal (dc), fora- men (f), surface ridge (r), retral process (rp), septum (s), and septal canal (sc), locality of specimens not given, X300 (*2027). -- Fig. 506,1. E. strigillarum (FICHTEL & MOLL), Rec., Eu. (Italy); la, living specimen showing granular pseudopodia, which actually extend to a length 4 to 6 times diam. of test; 1b, edge view, X72 (*1695). -- Fig. 506,2. E. laminattlm (TER- QUEM), Plio., Eu.(Albania); 2a,b, side and apert. views, side view suggesting an evolute condition but arched chamber seen in edge view suggesting that this is a normally involute form, X100 (*2019). -- Fig. 506,3. E. tenuissimtlm (KAR- RER), Oligo.-Mio., N.Z.; 3a,b, side, edge views, X120 (*959)
Synonyms
Pelorus, Themeon
Geographic Distribution
cosmop.
Age Range
Beginning Stage in Treatise Usage:
L.Eoc.
Beginning International Stage:
Ypresian
Fraction Up In Beginning Stage:
0
Beginning Date:
56
Ending Stage in Treatise Usage:
Rec.
Ending International Stage:
Meghalayan
Fraction Up In Ending Stage:
100
Ending Date:
0
Description
Test planispiral, bilaterally symmetrical, involute, chambers numerous, with numerous retral processes or internal chamber projections along septal borders, ending blindly against septal face in final chamber, but pierced by tiny pore formed by resorption of septum at base of retral process in earlier chambers, resulting in numerous tubular perforations connecting chambers; septa secondarily doubled, incomplete septal Ibp being formed against apertural face as succeeding chamber forms, leaving septum single-layered near center and base and double near outer edges where it encloses canal system, with prominent lamellar thickening of outer wall; canal system complex, spiral canal present along umbilical chamber margins leading to vertical umbilical canals through umbilical plug, and also giving rise to subsutural septal canals at each septum in intraseptal space between septal face and septal lIap formed by succeeding chamber and lying below retral processes, communicating with surface by means of diverging canals; wall calcareous, finely perforate, radial in structure, surface commonly with grooves (fossettes) or ridges paralleling periphery (striped crenulation) and commonly coinciding with internal retral processes, or surface may be smooth or finely pustulose; aperture consisting of row of pores at base of septal face, earlier septa may also have areal foramina due to resorption; pseudopodia extremely numerous, long, and attenuated; alternation of asexual (producing up to 200 embryos) and sexual reproduction with development of in-equally biflagellate gametes. [Habitat shallow water or tide pools on sandy or shelly bottoms, with algae, radiating pseudopodia binding together a mass of sand to prevent dislodging during moderate turbulence.]
References
Montfort, Denys de, 1808, Conchyliologie systématique et classification methodique des coquilles: v. 1, 1xxxvii+409 p.
Museum or Author Information
Classification
Phylum:
Protista
Subphylum:
Sarcodina
Class:
Reticularea
Subclass:
Granuloreticulosia
Order:
Foraminiferida
Suborder:
Rotalina
Superfamily:
Rotaliacea
Family:
Elphidiidae
Subfamily:
Elphidiinae
Formal Genus Name and Reference:
Elphidium de MONTFORT, 1808, *1305, p. 14
Type Species:
Nautilus macellus Fichtel & Moll var. β Fichtel & MOLL, 1798, *716, p. 66, OD
Images
(Click to enlarge in a new window)
Fig. 505,1,2. *E. macellum (FICHTEL & MOLL), Rec., Eu.(Italy); 1a,b, side, apert. views, X68 ('2117); 2a, horiz. sec. in canada balsam, showing canal system; 2b, transv. sec. showing canal system and septal foramina, X70 ('928a). -- Fig. 505,3. E. semiinvolutum MYATLYUK, U.Eoc.. Carpathians; 3a-c, opposite sides and edge view showing faintly asymmetrical form, XIOO ("2019). -- Fig. 505, 4; 506,4. E. crispum (LINNE), Mio., Asia(Israel); 505,4, vert. sec., X87 (*1534); 506,4a, diagram.
sec. through surface depression or fossette; 506,4b, sec. through ridge between surface depressions showing aperture (a), apertural face (at), sur face depression (d), diverging canal (dc), fora- men (f), surface ridge (r), retral process (rp), septum (s), and septal canal (sc), locality of specimens not given, X300 (*2027). -- Fig. 506,1. E. strigillarum (FICHTEL & MOLL), Rec., Eu. (Italy); la, living specimen showing granular pseudopodia, which actually extend to a length 4 to 6 times diam. of test; 1b, edge view, X72 (*1695). -- Fig. 506,2. E. laminattlm (TER- QUEM), Plio., Eu.(Albania); 2a,b, side and apert. views, side view suggesting an evolute condition but arched chamber seen in edge view suggesting that this is a normally involute form, X100 (*2019). -- Fig. 506,3. E. tenuissimtlm (KAR- RER), Oligo.-Mio., N.Z.; 3a,b, side, edge views, X120 (*959)
Synonyms
Pelorus, Themeon
Geographic Distribution
cosmop.
Age Range
Beginning Stage in Treatise Usage:
L.Eoc.
Beginning International Stage:
Ypresian
Fraction Up In Beginning Stage:
0
Beginning Date:
56
Ending Stage in Treatise Usage:
Rec.
Ending International Stage:
Meghalayan
Fraction Up In Ending Stage:
100
Ending Date:
0
Description
Test planispiral, bilaterally symmetrical, involute, chambers numerous, with numerous retral processes or internal chamber projections along septal borders, ending blindly against septal face in final chamber, but pierced by tiny pore formed by resorption of septum at base of retral process in earlier chambers, resulting in numerous tubular perforations connecting chambers; septa secondarily doubled, incomplete septal Ibp being formed against apertural face as succeeding chamber forms, leaving septum single-layered near center and base and double near outer edges where it encloses canal system, with prominent lamellar thickening of outer wall; canal system complex, spiral canal present along umbilical chamber margins leading to vertical umbilical canals through umbilical plug, and also giving rise to subsutural septal canals at each septum in intraseptal space between septal face and septal lIap formed by succeeding chamber and lying below retral processes, communicating with surface by means of diverging canals; wall calcareous, finely perforate, radial in structure, surface commonly with grooves (fossettes) or ridges paralleling periphery (striped crenulation) and commonly coinciding with internal retral processes, or surface may be smooth or finely pustulose; aperture consisting of row of pores at base of septal face, earlier septa may also have areal foramina due to resorption; pseudopodia extremely numerous, long, and attenuated; alternation of asexual (producing up to 200 embryos) and sexual reproduction with development of in-equally biflagellate gametes. [Habitat shallow water or tide pools on sandy or shelly bottoms, with algae, radiating pseudopodia binding together a mass of sand to prevent dislodging during moderate turbulence.]
References
Montfort, Denys de, 1808, Conchyliologie systématique et classification methodique des coquilles: v. 1, 1xxxvii+409 p.